Understanding Arthritis in Pets
Arthritis is a common cause of lameness and pain in older pets. It occurs when the protective cartilage at the ends of bones wears down over time. This causes the bones to rub together, resulting in pain, swelling and stiffness. Though arthritis is mainly seen in older pets, it can occasionally affect younger animals due to joint injuries or certain hereditary diseases. The most commonly affected joints are those of the hips, knees, elbows, shoulders, neck, back and paws.
Signs of companion animal arthritis include reluctance to jump, climb stairs, play or exercise. They may vocalize or yelp when touched near sore joints. Stiffness after rest periods is commonly seen. Over time, arthritis can cause muscle loss due to reduced activity. Like humans, pets with arthritis may lose sleep due to joint pain.
Diagnosing and Managing Companion Animal Arthritis
Veterinarians diagnose arthritis based on physical exam findings, history and supplementary tests like x-rays.X-rays can help determine the severity and extent of cartilage damage and bone changes. Prescription medications are commonly used for arthritis pain relief and slowing cartilage degeneration.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently prescribed to reduce inflammation, swelling and pain. Some popular NSAIDs for dogs and cats include Carprofen, Deracoxib, Firocoxib and Meloxicam. Many pet owners see improvements within a few days of starting NSAIDs.
For pets with more severe Companion Animal Arthritis, other medications may be used. Adequan is an injectable drug that lubricates joints and stimulates cartilage repair. Some pets require pain-relieving opioids like Tramadol or Buprenorphine for breakthrough pain. Steroids are occasionally used but come with greater risks.
Nutraceuticals for Joint Health
Nutraceuticals are natural supplements used for general joint health and arthritis prevention or management. Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are popular choices. When combined they help repair and rebuild cartilage. Studies show they may slow arthritic progression in some pets.
Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids from fish or krill oils also benefit joint health. They reduce inflammation throughout the body. MSM (methylsulfonylmethane) and green-lipped mussel extracts alleviate arthritis symptoms due to anti-inflammatory effects. Many pets see complimentary benefits when nutraceuticals are combined with prescription medications.
Lifestyle Modification for Companion Animal Arthritis
Beyond medication, lifestyle changes and physical rehabilitation are important aspects of arthritis management. Overweight pets should lose weight since extra pounds add undue stress on joints. Maintaining ideal body condition is especially important for arthritic dogs.
Physical therapy in the form of gentle exercise, massage, range of motion activities and hydrotherapy provides excellent non-drug relief and prevents muscle atrophy. Swimming is low impact and a high recommended exercise. Using ramps, steps and soft surfaces in the home prevents joint strain. Warmth from heating pads, wraps or jackets soothes sore areas. Restricting long walks or play on hard surfaces helps arthritic patients.
Rise in Arthritis Prevalence Due to Pet Obesity
Unfortunately, rates of arthritis and obesity in pets have risen sharply in recent decades. Experts attribute this trend to growing pet populations and more sedentary lifestyles for many companion animals. Obesity significantly contributes to development and worsening of arthritis due to extra weight on joints. By some estimates, weight loss alone can relieve up to 30% of symptoms in arthritic dogs.
With growing pet ownership among older adults keeping more senior pets, companion animal arthritis will continue impacting a significant portion of canine and feline patients seen by veterinarians. A multimodal approach combining medications, supplements, exercise and weight control offers the best long term relief and quality of life for pets living with this condition. Overall, proactive arthritis management represents an important responsibility for dedicated pet parents.
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